Conflict of Interest

For authors

Authors must disclose any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation, including funding sources, employment, consultancies, or affiliations relevant to the submitted work.

For reviewers

Reviewers who have a conflict of interest with the authors, the institution, or the subject matter of a manuscript (including recent collaboration, personal relationships, or direct competition) must decline the review invitation and notify the editor.

For editors

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where they have a conflict of interest, including manuscripts authored by themselves, family members, or close collaborators. In such cases, the manuscript is reassigned to another member of the editorial team.