Analisis Biaya Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Kakao pada Petani di Kabupaten Luwu Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the production costs and income of cocoa farmers in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, and to examine the effects of technical, mechanical, and chemical pest control on farmers’ income.

Methodology/approach: This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of 232 cocoa farmers in Padang Kamburi Village, Bua Ponrang District, Luwu Regency, with 70 respondents selected using simple random sampling and the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis included farm income analysis and multiple linear regression, supported by t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination.

Findings: The results show that the average annual production cost was IDR 17,827,628, while average annual revenue reached IDR 163,584,857, resulting in an average net income of IDR 145,757,229 per farmer. Technical, mechanical, and chemical pest control each had a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income. Mechanical pest control was the most dominant variable (β = 0.475; p < 0.001). Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affected farmers’ income (F = 669.936; p < 0.001), with an R² of 0.968.

Practical implications: The findings emphasize the importance of improving integrated pest control practices, particularly mechanical control, to increase cocoa productivity, production efficiency, and farmers’ income.

Originality/value: This study provides empirical evidence on the economic contribution of different PBK control methods to cocoa farmers’ income at the local level, particularly in Padang Kamburi Village, Luwu Regency.